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Written by Doug Beck What is mask testing? A fundamental aspect of electrical engineering is finding problems with signal integrity. In the real world, systems don’t always work as simulation says they are supposed to. There is the concept of a “golden trace” where the waveforms are precisely where they need to be. But there are a great number of… (Show moreShow less)
Pushing the limits of Ethernet speeds and NRZ The increased demand for more data from consumers and businesses has required faster and faster Ethernet technologies. To that end, a shift from NRZ(Non-Return to Zero or PAM2) to PAM4 (Pulse Amplitude Modulation 4) has now become the answer to increasing data throughput. PAM has never been used at the… (Show moreShow less)
Hacking the specs Everyone loves a bargain. And who doesn’t love a hacked oscilloscope? Well, it would be pretty odd for an oscilloscope company to teach you how to hack your own hardware. Besides, that’s already been done (Fig. 1). So, I’m coining a new term: “spec hack.” Webster’s dictionary will one day define it like this: Spec hack … (Show moreShow less)
I’ll bet you have quite the stock of random probes on your bench. And, you’ve inevitably reached for a probe and made a measurement without even knowing which probe you were using. I’m guilty, too. Probe selection can seem awfully confusing, so we often resort to this “random selection.” The fact is, probe selection can significantly affect… (Show moreShow less)If you’re an Infiniium user, you’ll definitely want to keep reading. The 6.1 software update just launched and it’s packed with new features that will improve your testing efficiency. Use this as a guide to make use of the new tools and enhancements that you’ll find in this software update. These updates include: New Jitter Decision Feedback… (Show moreShow less) 
Knowing the quality of the scope’s measurement system is paramount when you need to have accurate measurement results. While banner specs like bandwidth, sample rate, and memory depth provide a basis of comparison, these specifications alone don’t adequately describe oscilloscope measurement quality. Figure 1: Keysight Infiniium S-Series… (Show moreShow less)
Eye diagrams are extremely helpful in testing the physical layer fidelity of clock or serial data, but many engineers don’t know: What they are Why they should use one How to easily set one up They actually aren’t that complex when broken down. Eye diagrams can quickly give you insight into your signal, along with any jitter or anomalies… (Show moreShow less)
IEEE Standards for 400G optical Ethernet links have been in development for many months, and the specifications are finally stabilizing as of mid-2017. The result will be the first optical standards to employ PAM4 modulation. This requires a new set of measurements, with the TDECQ (Transmitter and Dispersion Eye Closure Quaternary) measurement… (Show moreShow less)
By now, you’ve probably heard about Keysight’s new 1000 X-Series oscilloscopes. We talked about them a lot during Scope Month, and you might’ve seen some of the blogger reviews from Hackaday, ElectroBOOM, and EEVblog. The 1000 X-Series features ultra-low cost oscilloscopes from 50 to 100 MHz bandwidths. They have a starting price of $449 (USD)… (Show moreShow less)
Written by Min-Jie Chong The Need for New SAS-4 Storage Standard The increase of data traffic due to the advent of internet of things has driven the need for faster backbone and storage transmission to meet this need. The Serial Attached SCSI - 4 (SAS-4) is a new enterprise storage standard that is being created to meet this need. It supports… (Show moreShow less)
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